The golden ratio is also called the golden mean or golden section (Latin: sectio aurea). Other names include extreme and mean ratio, medial section, divine proportion (Latin: proportio divina), divine section (Latin: sectio divina), golden proportion, golden cut, and golden number. Mathematicians since Euclid have studied the properties of the golden ratio, including its appearance in the dimensions of a regular pentagon and in a… Read More »Golden Ratio
The term “beauty” is customarily associated with aesthetic experience and typically refers to an essential quality of something that arouses some type of reaction in the human observer — for example, pleasure, calm, elevation, or delight. Beauty is attributed to both natural phenomena (such as sunsets or mountains) as well as to human-made artifacts (such as paintings or symphonies). There have been numerous theories over… Read More »What Is Beauty?
The facial projection angle (FPA) is formed between the functional occlusal plane (FOP) and the facial plane, depicting the displacement of prosthion (Pr) anterior to nasion (N). The functional occlusal plane (FOP is defined by biting points of the second molar (MBP) and the third premolar (PBP) on the lateral view of the skull (Thayers, 1990). The facial plane (FP) is defined by anthropometric landmarks… Read More »Facial Projection And Contour
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